The human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitously occurring sapro-phytic mold, which can cause diseases ranging from allergic reactions to life-threatening invasive infections. The release of the A. fumigatus genome in 2005 heralded the genomic era for A. fumigatus. Since then, omics-technologies including proteomics have provided new insights into the biology and pathogenicity of this fungus. The proteomics field is driven primarily by the technological developments in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, but also sample preparation including the enrichment of peptides with posttranslational modifications have been substantially improved. Proteomics created new knowledge about the localization of A. fumigatus proteins, the primary and secondary metabolisms of this fungus, its development, signal transduction, stress response, and virulence.